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Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence focused on developing algorithms and statistical models that allow computers to improve their performance on tasks through experience. Instead of being explicitly programmed for specific tasks, machine learning systems learn from data, identifying patterns and making predictions or decisions based on new data. It encompasses various techniques, including supervised learning (where the model is trained on labeled data), unsupervised learning (where the model finds patterns in unlabeled data), and reinforcement learning (where the model learns by receiving rewards or penalties for actions). Machine learning is widely used in applications like recommendation systems, image and speech recognition, and autonomous vehicles.